Build a Personal Blog with Hugo + GitHub

wanzi

Introduction to Hugo

Previously, I used Hexo to build my blog. As I’ve been using Go more and more, I’ve wanted to migrate my blog to Hugo. Hugo is a static site generator written in Go—simple, easy to use, efficient, extensible, and fast to deploy.

Installing Hugo

Here’s how to install Hugo on macOS:

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brew install hugo
hugo new site wanzi
cd wanzi
git clone https://github.com/xianmin/hugo-theme-jane.git --depth=1 themes/jane
cp -r themes/jane/exampleSite/content ./
cp themes/jane/exampleSite/config.toml ./

Update config.toml with your own blog information.

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Add a user to a Kubernetes cluster

wanzi

Previously, an Kubernetes cluster environment was set up using Ansible. The current requirement is to add a user for daily management, restricted to a specific namespace. Below are the steps:

Kubernetes Users

In Kubernetes, there are two types of users: ServiceAccounts and regular users (User). ServiceAccounts are managed by Kubernetes, while regular users are typically managed externally. Kubernetes does not store user lists—meaning user creation, modification, or deletion must be handled externally, without interacting with the Kubernetes API. Although Kubernetes does not manage users directly, it can recognize the identity of users making API requests. In fact, every API request to Kubernetes must be associated with an identity (either a User or a ServiceAccount), allowing us to assign permissions within the cluster to specific users.

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Deploy traefik2.1 in kubernetes cluster

wanzi

Architecture & Concepts

traefik v2.1 router

Traefik 2.x has a big change compared to 1.7.x architecture. As shown in the architecture diagram above, the main function is to support TCP protocol and add the concept of Router.

Here we use Traefik 2.1 deployed in the kubernetes cluster. Business access is requested to traefik Ingress through haproxy. The following are some concepts involved in the construction process:

  • EntryPoints: Traefik’s network entry, defining the port where the request is accepted (regardless of http or tcp)

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Deploying a K8s cluster with kubeasz

wanzi

Environment Preparation

  • Master nodes
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172.16.244.14
172.16.244.16
172.16.244.18
  • Node nodes
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172.16.244.25
172.16.244.27

  • Master node VIP: 172.16.243.13

  • Deployment tool: Ansible/kubeasz

Initialize Environment

Install Ansible

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apt update
apt-get install ansible expect
git clone https://github.com/easzlab/kubeasz
cd kubeasz
cp * /etc/ansible/

Configure Ansible SSH Keyless Login

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ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 # Generate key pair
./tools/yc-ssh-key-copy.sh hosts root 'rootpassword'

Prepare Binary Files

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cd tools
./easzup -D # Downloads binaries to /etc/ansible/bin/ by default

Configure hosts file as follows:

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[kube-master]
172.16.244.14
172.16.244.16
172.16.244.18

[etcd]
172.16.244.14 NODE_NAME=etcd1
172.16.244.16 NODE_NAME=etcd2
172.16.244.18 NODE_NAME=etcd3

# haproxy-keepalived
[haproxy]
172.16.244.14
172.16.244.16
172.16.244.18

[kube-node]
172.16.244.25
172.16.244.27

# [optional] load balance for accessing k8s from outside
[ex-lb]
172.16.244.14 LB_ROLE=backup EX_APISERVER_VIP=172.16.243.13 EX_APISERVER_PORT=8443
172.16.244.16 LB_ROLE=backup EX_APISERVER_VIP=172.16.243.13 EX_APISERVER_PORT=8443
172.16.244.18 LB_ROLE=master EX_APISERVER_VIP=172.16.243.13 EX_APISERVER_PORT=8443

# [optional] ntp server for the cluster
[chrony]
172.16.244.18

[all:vars]
# --------- Main Variables ---------------
# Cluster container-runtime supported: docker, containerd
CONTAINER_RUNTIME="docker"

# Network plugins supported: calico, flannel, kube-router, cilium, kube-ovn
#CLUSTER_NETWORK="flannel"
CLUSTER_NETWORK="calico"

# Service proxy mode of kube-proxy: 'iptables' or 'ipvs'
PROXY_MODE="ipvs"

# K8S Service CIDR, not overlap with node(host) networking
SERVICE_CIDR="10.68.0.0/16"

# Cluster CIDR (Pod CIDR), not overlap with node(host) networking
CLUSTER_CIDR="10.101.0.0/16"

# NodePort Range
NODE_PORT_RANGE="20000-40000"

# Cluster DNS Domain
CLUSTER_DNS_DOMAIN="cluster.local."

# -------- Additional Variables (don't change the default value right now) ---
# Binaries Directory
bin_dir="/opt/kube/bin"

# CA and other components cert/key Directory
ca_dir="/etc/kubernetes/ssl"

# Deploy Directory (kubeasz workspace)
base_dir="/etc/ansible"

Deploy K8S Cluster

Initialize Configuration

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cd /etc/ansible
ansible-playbook 01.prepare.yml

This step performs three main tasks:

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Deploy GitLab Runner on K8S

wanzi

Deploy gitlab-runner

Deploy using Helm, refer to: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab-runner.git

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helm install --namespace gitlab-managed-apps --name k8s-gitlab-runner -f values.yaml

Note: The values.yaml file must set privileged: true.

Build Base Image (Docker-in-Docker)

Content of the Dockerfile:

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FROM docker:19.03.1-dind
WORKDIR /opt
RUN echo "nameserver 114.114.114.114" >> /etc/resolv.conf
RUN sed -i 's/dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/mirrors.aliyun.com/g' /etc/apk/repositories
RUN apk update
RUN apk upgrade
RUN apk add g++ gcc make docker docker-compose git

Build the image and push it to Harbor:

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Setting up Jenkins using Docker Compose

wanzi

docker-compose Configuration

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version: '2'
 
services:
  jenkins:
    image: jenkins/jenkins:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      JAVA_OPTS: "-Dorg.apache.commons.jelly.tags.fmt.timeZone=Asia/Shanghai -Djava.awt.headless=true -Dmail.smtp.starttls.enable=true"
    ports:
      - "80:8080"
      - "50000:50000"
    volumes:
      - '/ssd/jenkins:/var/jenkins_home'
      - '/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock'
      - '/etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro'
    dns: 223.5.5.5
    networks:
      - extnetwork
networks:
   extnetwork:
      ipam:
         config:
         - subnet: 172.255.0.0/16

Start Services

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docker-compose up -d
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Stunning Terminal Configuration on macOS (oh-my-zsh)

wanzi

brew Tool

Official Website: https://brew.sh

Install brew:

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/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

Switch brew source to domestic mirror:

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git -C "$(brew --repo)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/core)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git
git -C "$(brew --repo homebrew/cask)" remote set-url origin https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-cask.git
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/homebrew/homebrew-bottles # Add to ~/.zshrc
brew update  # Update Homebrew
brew upgrade # Upgrade all installed packages
brew cleanup # Clean up old versions after upgrade

iTerm2

Install iTerm2:

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Summary of Daily Git Commands

wanzi

Git Global Settings:

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git config --global user.name "wanzi"
git config --global user.email "iwz2099@163.com"

Git Commit Code

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git clone git@github.com:iwz2099/test.git
cd test
touch README.md
git add README.md
git commit -m "add README"
git push -u origin master
# The above command pushes the local master branch to the remote origin, and -u sets the default remote branch as origin. After this, you can use `git push` without any arguments.

# Push all local branches to origin
git push -u origin --all  

# If development is based on the local `case_dev_wanzi` branch, push it to the remote `case_dev` branch
git push origin case_dev_wanzi:case_dev

Git Query and Cleanup

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git status   # Check current branch status
git log      # View commit history of current branch
git log -n3  # Show last three commits
git log -p -2  # Show patch differences for each of the last two commits
git log --stat  # Show summary statistics for each commit
git log --pretty=oneline # Display each commit on a single line; options include short, full, fuller
git log --pretty=format:"%h - %an, %ar : %s"
git log --pretty=format:"%h %s" --graph  # Use ASCII art to visualize branching and merge history
git reflog # Show all operations across all branches (including commits, resets, and deleted commits)
git reflog # Show last 10 entries
git grep -n wanzi  # Search for 'wanzi' in commit history and working directory
git grep --count wanzi  # Count occurrences of 'wanzi'
git clean  # Remove untracked files not ignored by .gitignore
git clean -d  # Clean entire working directory
git clean -d -n  #-n tests cleanup without actually removing files

Git Branch Operations:

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git branch # List current branches
git branch -v # Show last commit for each branch
# Create local dev branch from remote master
git checkout -b dev origin/master 

git branch --merged # List branches merged into current branch
git branch --no-merged # List branches not yet merged into current branch

# Start new feature development: create and switch to new branch
git checkout -b dev-20180720-111111-wanzi
Equivalent to:
git branch r-20180720-111111-wanzi
git checkout r-20180720-111111-wanzi

# Merge completed feature into master
git checkout master
git merge dev-20180720-111111-wanzi

Git Merge Operations

Create a new local branch issue54 from remote master, then develop on it.

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